#Exercice 1 LISTE

def vide():
    ...

def estVide(L):
    ...
    
def cons(x, L):
    ...
    
def car(L):
    ...

def cdr(L):
    ...


#Exercice 1 PILE

def videP():
    ...

def estVideP(P):
    ...
    
def empiler(x, P):
    ...

def depiler(P):
    ...

def taille(P):
    ...


#Exercice 1 FILE

def videF():
    ...

def estVideF(F):
    ...
    
def emfiler(x, F):
    ...

def defiler(F):
    ...

def taille(F):
    ...